Insecticidal Effect of Extracts from Native Plants to Mato
Grosso do Sul, Brazil, on Sitophilus zeamais Mots. (Coleoptera:
Curculionidae)
Antonio P. Souza, Maria R. Marques, Talal S. Mahmoud,
Vanderlan S. Bolzani, Bruno A. Caputo, Gabriel M. Canhete, Carla B.
Leite, Dênis P. de Lima
Abstract
Research on insecticidal plants has increased
in
recent
years, as has their utilization. Their compatibility with other methods
of
insect control and their lower toxicity to mammals are some of the
advantages
that have fostered their use. In the present study, selected plant
species
native to the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, were investigated
for their
insecticidal potential against Sitophilus
zeamais Mots. The
extracts
assayed were obtained from stems
of Tapirira guianensis
Aubl. (Anacardiaceae), Schinus
terebinthifolius Raddi
(Anacardiaceae), Tabebuia
heptaphylla (Vell.) Toledo (Bignoniaceae), and Gomphrena
elegans Mart. (Amaranthaceae). Wheat grains were treated
with the extracts and distributed into acrylic containers, each holding
20
unsexed 10- to 20-day-old S. zeamais
adults. For the control the wheat grains were treated solely with
solvents. The
number of dead insects was counted daily until the tenth day. T. heptaphylla and G.
elegans extracts exhibited insecticidal effect since the
fifth
day of treatment, whereas the effect of the other extracts was not
observed
before the tenth day. Insect death was caused by the following
extracts: T. guianensis in n-butanol, hexane, and dichloromethane; S. terebinthifolius in ethanol, ethyl
acetate, hexane, and
dichloromethane; T. heptaphylla in
acetonitrile-chloroform, ethanol, and hexane; and G.
elegans in ethanol, hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate,
and
as hydroalcoholic extract. G. elegans
extracts had the strongest insecticidal effect of all the species
tested.
Key
words
- Insecticidal plant, Gomphrena elegans,
biopesticide, maize weevil, bioprospection..
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